Species Difference in Plasma Insulin Responses to Intravenous Xylitol in Man and Several Mammals

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Glucose and xylitol were administered intravenously to man and several mammals in the same doses, and the plasma insulin responses were compared. Marked species differences were found. In man, 12g or 30g of glucose produced definitely greater rises of plasma insulin than xylitol. In cows and goats, both 0.2g/kg glucose and xylitol increased plasma insulin markedly and to a similar extent. Plasma insulin responses of horses to 0.2g/kg glucose and xylitol were rather sluggish and poor. In rabbits, the peak insulin levels following 0.2 g/kg glucose and xylitol were approximately similar or slightly higher after glucose, but with the dose of 1, 0g/kg, the peak plasma insulin value after xylito was a little higher than after glucose. In rats, glucose produced higher insulin peaks than xylitol both at the doses of 0.2g/kg and 1.0g/kg. These results are in contrast to the results obtained in dogs, in which xylitol has a definitely stronger insulin-releasing effect than glucose. The cause for this species variation is not explained at present.