Prevalence of geriatric syndrome and risk factors associated with obesity in community-dwelling elderly women

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of geriatric syndrome and risk factors associated with obesity in community-dwelling elderly women.
Methods: The baseline survey was conducted in November 2006. Subjects were 925 women aged 70 years and older who participated in a comprehensive health examination which included a face-to-face interview, body composition, and physical fitness tests. The participants were classified, the based on percentage of body fat, as normal (<30.0), mild obesity (30.0 to 34.9), and obesity (≥35.0) groups. To evaluate the differences among the groups with regard to the physical fitness and the interview data, one-way analysis of variance performed for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with obesity in elderly women.
Results: Although obese women had a higher prevalence of urinary incontinence than the normal and mild obese women, there were no significant differences in history of falls during the last year, or fear of falling. A high percentage of body fat was significantly associated with a higher level of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and intellectual activity disability, use of 3 or more medications, pain, and circumference (abdominal, hip, calf), and was associated with a lower level of balance and walking ability. According to the logistic model, history of hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=1.70, 95%confidence intervals (CI)=1.25-2.32), pain (OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.07-2.01), urinary incontinence (OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.08-1.92), SBP (OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.03), and usual walking speed (OR=0.43, 95%CI=0.24-0.75) were independent variables significantly associated with obesity.
Conclusions: These cross-sectional data show that a higher percentage of body fat is associated with high prevalence of urinary incontinence, IADL and intellectual activity disability, and is related to lower level of walking ability and balance. The present study suggests that regular physical activity and weight control may contribute to the prevention of IADL disability and improvement of physical fitness in obese elderly women.