The localization of cytosol 5' -nucleotidase in chicken tissues was studied at the optical and ultrastructural level. Cytosol 5'-nucleotidase was purified from chicken liver and antibody against it was raised in a rabbit. Semi - thin sections of glutaraldehyde - fixed chicken tissues including the liver, heart, kidney, brain, and aorta were stained by the immunoenzyme technique. Staining of cytosol 5'-nucleotidase was prominent in sinusoidal cells of the liver and in capillary endothelial cells of the heart and kidney, but faint in vascular endothelium of the brain and aorta. Electron microscopic study demonstrated that the cytosol of sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells was prominently stained, and to a lesser extent the cytosol of hepatocytes, by the use of the peroxidase - labeled Fab' of the antibody. These findings indicate that the cytosol 5'-nucleotidase is localized mainly in the cytosol of vascular endothelial cells in various tissues.