Abstract
Lepidopteran species utilize chemical signal called sex pheromone for intraspecific sexual communication. Here we summarize how male moths, receivers of pheromone, process the chemical signal. We first describe the structure of the olfactory neural circuits in the brain. We then focus about processing for multicomponent pheromones and neuronal signal which command walking behavior for odor-source localization behavior. We discuss about several hypotheses about the neuronal mechanisms by exemplifying the knowledge in insects and other model organisms. These facilitate to understand the diversity and evolution of pheromone communication system.
