北海道立北方民族博物館研究紀要
Online ISSN : 2435-0451
Print ISSN : 0918-3159
地球温暖化とトナカイ牧畜
中田 篤
著者情報
研究報告書・技術報告書 フリー

2013 年 22 巻 p. 21-37

詳細
抄録

Across circumpolar region many wild reindeer populations are declining coincidently, and global warming is considered one of primary causes of this phenomenon. Various environmental factors induce by global warming may affect reindeer population dynamics. In this paper major factors regulating reindeer population are reviewed, and their influences to reindeer herding are examined. Climatic change influences local reindeer populations directly through absolute/relative forage availability, and indirectly through acceleration of human activities. Absolute forage availability includes biomass and quality of reindeers’ diet. Climatic variables influence vegetation, its nutritive value and phenology, then they affect reindeer physical condition, productivity and calf survival. Relative forage availability is based on absolute forage availability and accessibility to them, and includes snow depth and hardness, insect harassment. In winter much snow and ice layer disturb reindeer from grazing. Meanwhile in summer reindeer run away for a long time to avoid insect harassment and cannot forage sufficiently. Both of them lead shortage of energy needs and excessive energy cost, and may influence reindeer physical condition. Due to global warming accessibility of the Arctic regions for human activities are increasing, and many of them may disturb reindeer forage and spoil their habitat. They includes “line corridors” (roads, railways, oil pipe lines and so on), development projects (forestry, mining and so on) and recreational activities. These limiting factors similarly affect local reindeer herding. However there are some unique characteristics peculiarly in reindeer herding. First, as coat color of domestic reindeer is highly variable, it may accelerate insect harassment. Second, as pastures of domestic reindeer are relatively limited, damage of habitat are severer than wild reindeer. Third, as population traits of domestic reindeer may differ from wild one, sensitivity to environmental change also may be different. Through these factors and their multiple effects, global warming may economically influence reindeer herding.

著者関連情報
前の記事 次の記事
feedback
Top