『鵬丸カムチャッカ周航アルバム』の民族誌としての意義

抄録

In 1921, motor-sailer Ohtori-maru, a wooden 164-tonner of the Fisheries Agency, Agriculture and Commerce Department of Japan, was sent to Kamchatka and Bering Sea for a resource investigation. After the voyage a photographic album was compiled of photographs (black and white) taken by researcher and ship crew for the memorial of this 1921-voyage. Although there is no information on the number of albums that were made, it seems that the same albums were distributed to concerned parties including the ship crew. The author has paid notice to one of these albums which belongs to the collection of the Hakodate City Museum. Fortunately one of these albums was donated to our museum this year. Ohtori-maru ship left the harbor of Tokyo on June 11th with 8 researchers and 24 crew members on board and then returned to the home port on October 12th. During this voyage Ohtori-maru ship called at many places such as Petropavlovsk, Commander Islands and also along the eastern coast of Kamchatka to Chukchi Peninsula, Zhupanova, Ust-Kamchatsk, Uka, Ossora, Korf, Apuka, Olyutor, Glybokaya Bay, Dezinev Bay, Moynypil'gyn, U gol'naya bay, Anadyr, Provideniya, Chaplino, St. Lawrence Bay, Dezhnev and Uelen. The album has 115 photographs taken in many anchorage sites. Ethnic groups of these photos are the Aleut, Kamchadal/Itelmen, Koryak, presumably Kerek, Chukchi and Siberia Eskimo, and includes various scenes such as a fishing camp life, tent dwellings, fishing hut balagan, settlements, dugout canoes, skin-covered boats and a dog sled. I would like to examine closely all aspects of this album taking advantage of the donation of this album in the near future. In this paper I would consider the significance of this album as ethnographies of Kamchatka and Chukotska. I think that it would be necessary to conduct a joint international research on this album in the future.