Suppression of System Frequency Fluctuation by Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering Customer's Convenience

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a rise in the penetration of renewable energy. However, the proliferation of renewable energy has resulted in several problems faced by the power systems such as surplus power and system frequency fluctuation. In this research, a battery in an electric vehicle is considered as a control device to suppress the system fluctuation and a new EV smart charging is proposed with four charging sequences. The total controllable capacity of the EVs is estimated based on the lumped EV model for frequency fluctuation problem. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed control by smart charging on EV which can suppress the frequency fluctuation. In addition, the customer's convenience is taken into consideration by using the satisfaction index defined as the ratio of charged energy to the required energy. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to investigate the sensitivity of parameters of both the control system and customers' data.