バスの段階的な電動化を考慮した充電スケジュール最適化によるPV地産地消能力の評価

抄録

Electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaics (PV) are increased around the world. In transportation networks, effective use of renewable energy to EV is required, while in power networks, local production and local consumption of PV energy is required mainly at the initiative of local governments. Although many previous studies address these issues using private EVs as a mobile storage resource, their uncertainty and uncontrollability are major issues. In this paper, we focus on public electric buses, which can be centrally controlled with less uncertainty. A sector coupling model is constructed by combining a power system model obtained from actual power flow data and a bus operation model obtained from detailed bus operation data. Then, the proposed optimization method for the bus charging schedule based on mixed integer linear programming minimizes the outflow of PV energy to other regions and maximizes the local production and local consumption. In particular, as a demonstration case, 4-steps of phased electrification in a bus company were evaluated. In the simulation, a reduction in PV outflow of 14,087kWh was confirmed in the case of 100% electrified buses. As the result, the potential of environmental contribution was clarified for long-term bus electrification planning which is also expected to be applied to the environmental policy of various scale communities.