Potency and Barrier of the Small-Scale Aquaculture Development in Reclaimed Tidal Lowlands, South Sumatera, Indonesia

抄録

The small-scale aquaculture holds an essential role in the provision of nutrition, increasing the income and welfare of the community in developing countries. Through the transmigration program, which has been undertaken in tidal lowland by the Indonesian government, small-scale fish farming is a feasible prospect that should be considered. This research aimed to study the characteristics, the strength, and barriers of current aquaculture systems in the tidal lowlands area. Data were collected through survey interview to 60 farmers who have earthen ponds. Soil and water quality analysis have been done in two villages of Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis showed that aquaculture could be an alternative income besides agricultural activities (paddy and corn farming). The available of earthen ponds sized 16-300 m², and the water canal could be functioned as media farming and water source. Farmers have a decent expectation of fish culture, mainly due to the high demand for fish. The weakness comes from water and soil quality besides the less availability of adequate feed and fry. The presence of pyrite in the soil as a character of tidal lowlands caused low pH (<4). Thus, it should be managed appropriately. Social conditions, technology, and information, as well as government supports, are great opportunities for improving small-scale aquaculture. However, some threats such as limited capital, a suitable price, and management practices have to be evaluated to optimize sustainable fish production.