The objective of the present study was to examine if the mortality due to tuberculosis and cancer in the lungs was elevated in a cohort of 200 male whetstone cutters. 1955-1995 death certificatebased mortality data on the cohort were available, and the data were reviewed in the present study for mortality due to the two diseases to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMR) in reference to the health statistics of Kyoto prefecture, where the cohort lived. Among the 200 cohort members, 99 men deceased during the observation period, the deaths including 10 cases of lung tuberculosis (of which 9 cases had silicosis together), 20 cases of all malignancies, and 6 cases of lung cancer (5 cases with silicosis). There was a significant elevation in the mortality due to lung tuberculosis (SMR=3.47) although SMR for all causes was not elevated (1.10). There was no significant change in SMR for all malignancies (0.78), whereas SMR for lung cancer (1.24) tended to be elevated although insignificantly. Lung tuberculosis was a significant complication of silicosis in 1955-1995. Possible elevation in lung cancer SMR among this cohort needs further studies.