Internal Medicine
Online ISSN : 1349-7235
Print ISSN : 0918-2918
ISSN-L : 0918-2918
Hematological Diseases
Molecular Biology of Erythropoietin
Wolfgang JELKMANN
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JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS

2004 Volume 43 Issue 8 Pages 649-659

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Abstract

The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential viability and growth factor for the erythrocytic progenitors. EPO is mainly produced in the kidneys. EPO gene expression is induced by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). The principal representative of the HIF-family (HIF-1, -2 and -3) is HIF-1, which is composed of an O2-labile α-subunit and a constant nuclear β-subunit. In normoxia, the α-subunit of HIF is inactivated following prolyl- and asparaginyl-hydroxylation by means of α-oxoglutarate and Fe2+-dependent HIF specific dioxygenases. While HIF-1 and HIF-2 activate the EPO gene, HIF-3, GATA-2 and NFκB are likely inhibitors of EPO gene transcription. EPO signalling involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the homodimeric EPO receptor and subsequent activation of intracellular antiapoptotic proteins, kinases and transcription factors. Lack of EPO leads to anemia. Treatment with recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) is efficient and safe in improving the management of the anemia associated with chronic renal failure. RHuEPO analogues with prolonged survival in circulation have been developed. Whether the recent demonstration of EPO receptors in various nonhemopoietic tissues, including tumor cells, is welcome or ominous still needs to be clarified. Evidence suggests that rHuEPO may be a useful neuroprotective agent.

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© 2004 by The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
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