Medical Check-up Findings Characteristic of Smokers: Aimed at Improving Smoking Cessation Interventions by Physicians

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the medical check-up findings associated with smoking habit, which medical professionals, particularly physicians, should use for the promotion of quitting smoking.
Methods: In 6,215 male and 1,627 female employees who participated in annual medical check-up, we compared the results of each test between smokers and nonsmokers.
Results: Many results were significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers in both males and females. Among them, the hematocrit, leukocyte count, and levels of hemoglobin and triglyceride were significantly higher, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower, and the frequencies of positive urinary occult blood and hearing loss were significantly higher in male smokers than in male nonsmokers. Furthermore, the hematocrit, leukocyte count, positive urinary occult blood, hearing loss, and levels of hemoglobin, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed significant trends for male nonsmoker, and light, moderate, and heavy male smokers, that is, significant associations with larger numbers of cigarettes smoked per day.
Conclusion: Not only polycythemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level but also high leukocyte count, hearing loss, positive urinary occult blood, and high triglyceride level are smoking-related abnormal findings. In the medical check-up, medical professionals should inform smokers of these data and encourage them to quit smoking.