Acquired Inhibitors to Multiple Coagulation Factors (V, IX, and XII) Identified in a Unique Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

An acquired formation of inhibitors to coagulation factors is a rare type of coagulopathy. The development of inhibitors for multiple coagulation factors has never been reported. A 75-year-old Japanese female underwent interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Five days after the last intervention, her prothrombin time decreased to 10%, and her activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) lengthened to 265.1 sec. The activities for coagulation factors showed significantly reduced activities (<10%) of factors V, IX, and XII. A cross-mixing test demonstrated an inhibitor pattern, and inhibitory antibodies against factors V, IX, and XII were detected. We discuss our patient's etiology and pathogenesis.