A New Approach to Using Modelling for On-line Prediction of Sulphur and Hydrogen Removal during Ladle Refining

Abstract

A simplified model has been developed for on-line determination of sulphur and hydrogen contents in the steel during vacuum degassing in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace at Ovako Steel in Hofors, Sweden. The simplified model was developed based on results from fundamental mathematical model simulations of hydrogen and sulphur refining for a number of cases representing normal production situations. More specifically, mass-transfer coefficients were determined from the simulations and thereafter used to develop separate simplified models for sulphur and hydrogen refining. Predictions from using the simplified process models agreed well with sulphur and hydrogen data from full-scale plant trials. It was therefore concluded that the main purpose of the study, namely to achieve a less time-consuming model suitable for production applications, was fulfilled. The final part of the paper presents how the simplified models can provide engineers or operators with off-line or on-line guidelines on performing the vacuum degassing operation such that quality requirements regarding sulphur and hydrogen contents in the steel product are met.