In cases of multiple primary cancers, the combination of head/neck cancer and upper digestive tract cancer is often found. However, it is extremely rare for maxillary sinus cancer and esophageal cancer to occur simultaneously. This paper reports on an autopsy case of double primary cancers of the maxillary sinus and esophagus. The patient had been suffering from carcinoma of the maxillary sinus for about 12 months but the lesion was uncontrollable. At autopsy, the following two primary carcinomas were found : one was a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma originated from the maxillary sinus infiltrating into the hard palate and tongue, with metastases in several regional lymph nodes, a para-aortic lymph node and bilateral lungs. The other was a progressive, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma originated from the esophagus transformed mucosa with epithelial dysplasia. Furthermore, two masses of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors (GIMT) of the stomach were noted.
