2021 Volume 15 Pages 73-81
We designed a remedial mathematics class for university students using the bookend model and investigated emotional changes in the students. The bookend model is a lesson model in which focused discussions are held before and after the lecture, and paired discussions are held in the middle of the lecture. In this study, this model was modified to fit a remedial mathematics lesson and incorporated into daily lessons. To determine its effects, we applied a questionnaire survey on learning motivation and a scale for students’ beliefs about cooperation, and also administered a free-description survey. As a result of the intervention, positive changes were seen in all items of learning motivation. Although there was a marginal significance in the scores for students’ beliefs about cooperation, temporary positive change was seen in an individual orientation factor.
