Abstract
In this article, I will consider the modernization process of police system both in Japan and China from the end of 19th century to the early 20th century by focusing on the treatment of criminals who belong to the lower class in the society. Before the modernization of police system, the ex-convicts supported the investigation activities, and its legacy seems to be able to observe as a part of tradition in contemporary police system in two countries. Especially in China, however, as the gap both in economy and in income grow wider domestically, the relations between the power and the people in the lower class in Chinese society became weakened. Recent increases of rebellions in Chinese local area may represent dissatisfaction of the lower class people over the weakening traditional ties.
