To understand fluid mechanics in a flooded oil reservoir the relative permeabilities were measured by the use of both natural oil sands and artificial oil sands. Results obtained are as follows: (1) Relative permeability curves of cores taken from different parts of an oil reservoir are not always same. This means that, for instance, a time of water breakthrough and an oil recovery differ partly in the same reservoir. (2) In oil sands which contain clay, oil is able to blow at a part of high water saturation. This means that, when waterflooding is applied, higher oil recovery is obtained in dirty oil sands than in clean sands.