2014 年 29 巻 S1 号 p. s6-s17
Recent progress in aerosol instrumentations enables the measurement of the size distribution and chemical components of atmospheric aerosol particles in real time. However, the secondary aerosol formation process, where nanometer-sized particles are generated via gas-particle conversion, has still not been well understood because of the difficulty in the measurement of nanometer-sized aerosol particles under ‘real’ atmospheric conditions such as low temperatures and/or reduced pressure: the higher time- and size-resolution measurement techniques are necessary to analyze particle formation rates (nucleation rates) under various conditions. In addition, appropriate attention is not paid to fundamental studies on carbonaceous particles, although they seem to have large effects on the environment. In this paper, recent developments of the instrumentation technologies for aerosol measurement in the nanometer-size range, and generation of aggregate carbonaceous particles with controlled size and density, which are available as standard particles, are reviewed. The applications of aerosol instruments to the study of new atmospheric particle formation, as well as to laboratory model experiments on the formation and growth of sulfuric acid aerosols by binary homogeneous nucleation and ion-induced nucleation, are introduced.Another application of the generation of aggregate carbonaceous particles for the study of effective density and refractive index is also introduced.
