国土のグランドデザインと地域社会

中山間地域からの考察

抄録

In this paper, first of all, I’ll consider the trends of regional policies ( Comprehensive National Development Plans ) in Japan, from a viewpoint of GD2050 announced in July, 2014. For this purpose, I place GD2050 among the trends of the past National Spatial Development in Japan and reconsider its continuity and shift. Until GD2050 was introduced, a principle of well-balanced national development had been maintained. The most important difference between the previous Comprehensive National Development Plan and GD2050 is that GD2050 introduces the regional distribution with differential basis rather than well-balanced regional development. GD2050 gives a shock by predicting the two challenges facing Japan, namely, an unprecedented population decrease and natural disasters. In order to deal with them, it indicates as the prerequisite “selection and concentration,” “Compact and Networks”, “Building National Resilience.” This is, as it were, a Shock Doctrine by which the government introduces market fundamentalism, taking advantage of disastrous situations. As an example of the cases that national regional policy like GD2050 influences the local community, I analyze Ooka-mura, which is in a mountainous area, merged into Nagano-shi in 2005. This area is a typical place which is not selected in GD2050. While intensive investment is carried out for some compact cities, management efficiency and marketization are pessured on other areas like Ooka-mura in order to secure financial resources for regional policy like GD2050. This kind of marketization of commons is an example of those pressures which breaks up cohesion of village communities.