地学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1884-0884
Print ISSN : 0022-135X
ISSN-L : 0022-135X
第二次世界大戦後におけるパリ周辺地域の農業変化
手塚 章
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ジャーナル フリー

1993 年 102 巻 3 号 p. 314-326

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In this paper, major agricultural changes in the Ile-de-France region, i. e. the Paris metropolitan area, are described through the examination of the results of four agricultural censuses effectuated in post-war France (in 1955, 1970, 1979 and 1988). The rural landscape and agricultural system of the region have been greatly transformed by those changes summarized as follows.
Very striking is the retreat of market gardening (agriculture spécialisée) in favor of the urban growth of Paris agglomeration. In particular, the decrease of fruit gardening is most conspicuous. Accordingly, the agriculture of this region becomes more and more characterized by large-scale cereal farming. But the nature of this type of farming has also greatly changed during post-war period. The raising of livestock (mainly cattle and horses), which was generally combined with cereal farming in 1955, is almost disappearing. The former type of mixed farming has been replaced by specialized cereal farming whose farm-size becomes increasingly enlarged.
The retreat of livestock raising, the collateral decline of oats, and the enlargement of farm-size are notable reflections of the structural transformation of agriculture in this region. On the contrary, changes in land-use, which influence rural landscape to a major degree, are determined in many cases by temporary factors, such as the variation of crop price or the changes of agricultural policy. Both the increase of wheat in the 1970's and the rapid expan-sion of sunflower in the 1980's are closely connected with the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community. At the same time, the rapid increase of maize and sunflower can be realized through the improvement of plant breeding. In this way, the agricultural changes which caracterized each decade in post-war period, are related with concomitant changes in political, economic and technical circumstances.

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