ニュージーランドのオークランド都市周辺農村における農業的土地利用の変化とその地域的性格

マヌカウ市クレヴドン地区の場合

抄録

In this paper the author clarifies the sequence of land use change in the Auckland city's countryside and analyses it at micro-scale using the example of Clevedon area, Manukau City. Clevedon area is situated around the built-up area of Auckland and is everywhere zoned for rural land use. In this area definite changes agricultural land use to urban land use are not apparent, but agricultural use changes to other agricultural one in terms of function and quality. Three sequences of land use change based on competition between agricultural and urban uses and land use policy of the Manukau City Council are recognisable; before 1969, 1970 to 1983, and after 1984.
In the 1970s and early 1980s a trend from dairy farming to beef farming and from sheep and beef farming to more specialised beef farming was apparent in the framework of traditional pastral farming. Dairy farming remained important during this period with changing ownership of land and changing location of town milk production but the less labour intensive beef farming became attractive with decreasing agricultural labour force. New Zealand pastoral farming permits such changes in livestock specialisation as the system is very flexible and not capital intensive. In fact these trends could be reversed with fluctuations of milk and meat price.
In the 1980s land use change was characterised by various farms of horse raising and horticulture, and in some areas traditional pastoral uses, occupying former dairy and cattle farms. These changes had not been evident in the previous period, and the rural land use zoning encouraged them, but the trend to horse raising and horticulture became stronger in this period. The grazing of horses was associated with the purchase of rural land by other farmers and with the growing importance of the commercial blood stock and racing industry in South Auckland. The horticulture based on using labour, land and capital more intensively, and it is developed in Rural Two zone where fruit growing have priority. Availability of small parcels of land in the rural zone originating in previous periods, increasing property taxes as land values increased, and much demand for high profitability of rural land, contributed to the changes in the function of agricultural land use. In the 1980s the sequence of agricultural land use change is uni-directional. Reversion to the traditional pastoral farming of the area is not an option. Thus, in comparison with the earlier period a feedback sequence is not included in model.