東亜地質研究史考-後篇

抄録

VI. Geological researches in the Festoon Islands in the Northwestern Pacific Side ;The geology of Hokkaido began with PUMPELLY's route survey in the Oshima peninsula in 1862, succeeded by LYMAN, 1976 and others and strongly promoted since 1930 when the Geological Institute was founded in the University of Hokkaido at Sapporo. The geological survey in South Sakhalin was done by Japanese geologists from 1905 to 1945. In Taiwan there were some pioneer works from 1849, but the geological survey was not undertaken until 1895. A preliminary geological map of Taiwan was first published in 1897. Subsequently Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands were investigated by many geologists. The geology of Taiwan was well developed by Chinese geologists since 1946. J. MILNE and E.. NAUMANN's observation on the volcanic eruption of Oshima, 1876 was the first article in the geology of Izu Islands. Later the grand Ogasawara-Mariana arc and also the Marshall and Caroline Islands were surveyed by TAYAMA and others.
VII. In Indochina the history of research goes back to 1874. The geological survey became very active since the institution of its organization at Hanoi, 1898. The existing knowledge was once schematized by FROMAGET in 1941. The western civilization has influenced upon the Philippines much earlier. Present knowledge there, however, mostly a product in this century and its advancement was much accelerated in recent years. In Netherland East Indies the geological survey was started in 1850. Its advancement of a century was compiled by VAN BEMMELEN in his Geology of Indonesia, 1949. In British Borneo or East Malaysia the research history is shorter. In the Malayan peninsula and Singapore, on the contrary, the oldest record may be HAMILTON's navigation, 1688-1723. The geological research there was, however, very slow. SCRIVENOR's Geology of Malaya appeared in 1931. Its comparison with Geology and Palaeontology of Southeast Asia vol. 25, 1984 shows that the change between these two books in a few decades is really astonishing. Little was known of the geology of Siam or Thailand before 1890. Its outline was figured out by the geological survey in 1949 and the knowledge raised up to the same level with those of Malaysia and Indochina in last three decades.
VIII. China, Korea and Japan constitute an area of Pentsao where exists a prolonged history of study on the earth and stones. The modern geology propagated into Eastern Asia from last century. As the result it is known there that the Oriental Heterogen was intercaled between the Mongolian geosyncline in the north and the Tethyan geosyncline in the south and the latter extended easterly into the Chichibu geosyncline which was in turn confluenet with the Mongolian geosyncline during the Palaeozoic era.
Finally, brief notes are added on the arcuate mountain systems on the western Pacific side (3), Opposition in the geological history between the northern Atlantic and western Pacific sides (4), international cooperation (5) and romanization of technical terms in the countries using Chinses characters (6).