BRYOLOGIA JAVANICA: AN OUTLINE OF DUTCH NINETEENTH CENTURY RESEARCH ON ASIAN MOSSES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE TYPIFICATION OF SPECIES DESCRIBED BY REINWARDT, MOLKENBOER, AND DOZY

抄録

  Dutch bryological exploration of Indonesia started with C.G.C. Reinwardt, who collected bryophytes in Java, Sulawesi and the Moluccas between 1816 and 1822. His mosses, including many species new to science, were identified by C.F. Hornschuch, C.G.D. Nees ab Esenbeck, and C.F. Schwägrichen. Many type specimens are missing from Reinwardt's herbarium at Leiden because he distributed unicates as well as duplicates. Moreover, it is often impossible to establish whether the material present is part of a type collection. Around 1840 J.H. Molkenboer and F. Dozy started identifying Indonesian and Japanese mosses, which resulted ultimately in the publication of Bryologia javanica (Dozy & Molkenboer, 1844-1870). Their work is briefly sketched. After their untimely death R.B. van den Bosch and C.M. van der Sande Lacoste completed Bryologia javanica. Almost all specimens Molkenboer and Dozy treated in their first publications were borrowed from the Rijksherbarium. They received a single set from one or several specimens of each species, on condition that all material had to be returned intact, thus leaving them without any reference material. Much later the specimens borrowed became incorrectly labelled ‘Herbarium Dozy en Molkenboer’. The typification of their new species is complicated by restrictions imposed on them, by the absence of collecting data from their Muscorum frondosorum (1844), and by incorrect, incomplete, or confusing herbarium data. These points are discussed and some are illustrated by the typification of Astrodontium indicum. Fleischer's interpretation of many species needs to be reconsidered, because many seemingly authentic specimens he borrowed were unreliable isotypes not seen by Dozy and Molkenboer. Their private herbarium of Indonesian mosses was left to their successors and finally to the Rijksherbarium, where it became an unmarked part of Van der Sande Lacoste's herbarium.