Nuclear decay data, a set of data on half-lives, decay chains, and energies and intensities of radiations emitted by nuclear transformation, are required in calculating external or internal doses by emissions from radionuclides. A nuclear decay database, which has been the most widely used for dose calculation in radiation protection, is Publication 38 (ICRP38) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP38 has played an important role in dose calculation for medical, environmental and occupational exposure for almost two decades. The present paper reviews the historical course of the compilation and application of ICRP38, and also describes the update of ICRP38 scheduled to take place around 2005.