The paper considers characteristics of gaze at mountains reflected in a painter, Hokkai Takashima, who depicted the Alps and the Rocky Mountains and so on, in his landscape paintings, in the Late Meiji Era, and it evaluates Hokkai Takashima from a viewpoint of a landscape theory. These analyses are done by showing the backgrounds and actual conditions of his gaze at mountains, the characteristics of his landscape paintings, and the meaning of mountain landscape drawn in his book of paintings and his theory of paintings. Hokkai Takashima acquired the knowledge of natural science, investigated typical modern mountain landscape, and observed new mountain landscape from modern landscape view around the same time as The Theory of Japanese Landscape written by Shigetaka Shiga. He aimed at Shinkeizu (a new type of Japanese traditional landscape paintings), but he exceeded Shinkeizu of the Edo Era and produced things similar to European landscape paintings. The footprint of Hokkai Takashima can be esteemed from a viewpoint of a landscape theory about spread and fixing of a modernistic landscape view.
