In this study, we analyzed both Grammaire des Jardins written by Belgian landscape Architect René Pechère, who successfully reevaluated and reproduced techniques in formal gardens, and the gardens he designed. We also examined the modern significance of the formal garden in modern garden-making, and its characteristics and techniques. As a result, the following three points were indicated: First, the formal garden possesses greater possibilities than the landscape garden, for exercising artistry and creativity in modern garden-making. Second, in order to secure a large, flat surface area that can help establish a horizontal, geometrical garden, it is important to have certain height differences and drainage at the site as well as construction techniques for stairs. Lastly, formal gardens tend to bring to mind inorganic and horizontal space construction principles, due mainly to our preconceived notions of geometry. In this paper, however, the findings of a re-verification of the design principles and examples of Pechère revealed that formal garden design is the application of principles based on very human visual perception.
