マニラにおけるオープンスペースの現状とバーナムプランの比較分析

抄録

In the 1905 report submitted by Daniel Burnham to the Philippine Commission of the plan of Manila, one of the areas he focused on is the utilization of open spaces as areas for recreation. The Burnham plan identified different typologies of these public open spaces (POS) which were utilized for various functions and to respond to the demands of an emerging capital city and to anticipate the urbanization of the city. The public open spaces in the plan formed an interlinked system that shaped and defined the form of the city. The research looks at Manila after more than 100 years after the Burnham plan was proposed and evaluates the urban function of the different open spaces using the Functional Approach. It compares the original Burnham plan with the present POS using similar typologies, the system of open spaces developed and how their forms have been formed. Comparison of the Burnham plan and the present POS revealed significant reduction in most areas of the different typology of POS, except for POS located in traditional urban core. It was found that present POS with reduced areas have specialized and differentiated functions, manifesting the pressures of urbanization and lack of coherent policy on open spaces that shaped the urban spatial structure of Manila. From a grand design and extensive open spaces that characterized the City Beautiful Movement, the piecemeal development and management of the different open spaces of the present-day Manila presents a stark contrast to the original plan.