This study considers the perspective of Japanese Gardens outside of Japan through Sister City relationships, and clarifies how related Japanese local governments think, as well as present situations and issues. The target s of this study are 161 Japanese Gardens with Sister City relationship included the 2005 JILA survey “Japanese gardens outside Japan” and additional new information which is the result of singular investigation. The oldest Sister City Japanese Garden is Sanjose Japanese Friendship garden and Kofu Park at Cali fornia in 1965. The Sister City Japanese Gardens are primarily sited in the United States. The bulk of Japanese Gardens in the world were constructed late in the later 20th Century through Sister City relationships. All of the Japanese local governments which replied to the questionnaire in this study had some kind of continued relations after the establishment of a Japanese garden. However, it became clear that it is difficult to quantify continued "active exchange" between Japanese local governments and the Sister City Japanese garden site. Later, this study will be pushed further forward—questionnaire will be sent to Sister City Japanese Garden, in order to clarify examples and differences between Japanese local governments’ experience, as applied to Sister City Japanese Gardens across the world.
