COVID-19流行前と流行期の食生活の比較

―北海道八雲町の住民健診の結果から―

抄録

　Since 1982, health checkups have been conducted in Yakumo town in Hokkaido, with many medical staff members. The town's major industries are dairy, agriculture and fishing. Based on the results of health checkups in Yakumo town, we investigated dietary habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects for this investigation included 528 persons (301 females and 227 males) in 2018 and 434 persons (253 females and 181 males) in 2023. The participants were 40 years or older. The average was 62.8 years in females and 65.1 years in males in 2018, and 63.4 years in females and 66.4 years in 2023. We investigated 28 kinds of food and drinks: 1) carrots, 2) broccoli, 3) green leafy vegetables including spinach, komatsuna and spring chrysanthemum (group A), 4) other green and yellow vegetables including green peppers and snap beans with yellow pods (group B), 5) cabbage, 6) radishes, 7) other light-colored vegetables including cucumbers, onions, sprouts, Chinese cabbage, and lettuce, 8) potatoes including sweet potatoes, 9) pumpkin, 10) oranges (including mandarin oranges) and grapefruits, 11) other fruits including strawberries, kiwi, apples, and watermelon, 12) chicken, 13) beef and pork, 14) ham, sausage, and bacon, 15) fish, 16) squid, shrimp, crab, and octopus, 17) shellfish, 18) seaweed, 19) eggs, 20) milk, 21) yogurt, 22) miso soup, 23) tofu, 24) mushrooms, 25) deep fried foods, 26) stir-fried foods, 27) green tea, 28) coffee. A multivariate analysis compared the intake frequency in 2018 and 2023, adjusting age and sex. The intake frequency of eleven kinds of food and drinks decreased significantly in 2023 than in 2018: 3) green leafy vegetables group A and 4) group B, 5) cabbage, 6) radishes, 10) oranges, 15) fish, 16) squid, shrimp, crab, and octopus, 17) shellfish, 18) seaweed, 22) miso soup, and 27) green tea. When the influence of COVID-19 infection on the intake frequency of food and drinks in 2023 was analyzed, only two kinds of food and drinks, 10) oranges and 17) shellfish, decreased significantly after adjusting age and sex. We guessed that the decrease in the intake frequency of food and drinks depended more on self-restraint in preventing COVID-19 infection than COVID-19 infection itself. However, smell and taste dysfunction due to COVID-19 infection may decrease the frequency of food and drink intake.