A number of intracranial aneurysms complicating polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have been reported; however they include only 29 domestic cases. Cerebral hemorrhage with PKD is also not rare. PKD is considered a hereditary malformation with autosomal dominant transmission. Recently we had two cases of intracranial hemorrhage that were coincidentally associated PKD. One patient had an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the other case, although no aneurysm was detected by four-vessel angiography, the patient had three cerebral hemorrhages. The third hemorrhage resulted in death in spite of successful control of the blood pressure. The coexistence of intracranial hemorrhage and PKD could be due to blood vessel fragility caused by collagen disease and connective tissue diseases. Furthermore hypertension due to PKD could become an accepted risk factor for arteriolar changes besides those congenital disorders of the blood vessels. Adequate treatment of hypertension as well as detecting cerebrovascular disorders could be the most beneficial medical approach for patients with PKD.
