When a porous material such as soil is exposed to the subzero temperature and freezes partially, water is induced to flow from the unfrozen zone to the frozen zone and ice segregates as lens around the freezing front. The ice lens segregation causes the expansion of the soil volume. This is known as a frost heave phenomenon. This phenomenon is also observed during the solidification of nitrobenzen and liquid helium in porous material. A unique property of frozen soil is the existence of unfrozen water. The unfrozen water exists because of its low chemical potential due to soil particle adsorption. It alows the water movement in the frozen soil and induces ice segregation. When the soil freezes under the confined condition, the frost heaving pressure is built up. The relation-ship between the maximum frost heaving pressure and temperature condition agrees well with the generalized Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Several frost heave model have been proposed on the basis of different viewpoints. In this report, the frost heave model by the late Dr. Kuroda is introduced.
