2008 年 29 巻 Special_Issue_2 号 p. S143-S153
The basic concepts of risks and different approaches to risk management are overviewed. It is shown that the basic concepts of risks include both positive and negative meaning with uncertainty, and academic literature deffnes risks to be measures of uncertainty and the scale of hazards or utility. Hence risks have quantitative measures for the most cases. Decision making is always with risks and there are several different approaches to decision making with risks, some of which are overviewed herein. The issues of risk cognition, risk communication, and nonstandard methods of risk analysis such as fuzzy sets and modal logic are also discussed. The concepts of inverse problems and risk literacy are emphasized.