達成関連動機の測定尺度の分析

抄録

The purposes of this investigation were to construct scales to measure achievement-related motives and to find out the factorial structure among achievement- relatedm otives measured by means of these scales. Two hundred and ninety-nineu niversitys tudents (213 males and 86 females). of an introductory Psychology course served as subjects. Subjects were asked to fill out 64 items to be answered “Yes” or “No”. These items were designed to assess the motive to achieve (Ms), the motive to avoid failure (M-f), and the motive to avoid success (M-s).
In order to select items for each scale and to determine the weighted scores for alternative response, the method of optimal scaling was applied to the data of subjects'response pattern. This scaling was a quantification techique for categorical data and was to assign numerical values to alternatives. T he values were chosen so that the variance between subjects after scaling was maximum with respect to variance within subjects. Eight scales made of 5 items respectively were obtained. Four of these scales were related to Ms (HS Scale I measured an instrumental activity in achievement situation; HS Scale II measured a hope of success; HS Scale III measured a reductive attitude to achievement tension; HS Scale IV measured an excessive self-confidence). Two scales were related to M-f (FF Scale I measured a debilitating test anxiety; FF Scale II measured a facilitatingt est anxiety). The qther two scales were related to M-s (FS Scale I measured a fear of loss of affiliation; FS Seale II measured a denying attitude for attaining success). There was a significant sex difference on the mean score of HS Scale II, but no significant sex difference recorded on FS Scale I and FS Scale II.
Four factors were extracted by the principal component analysis from the correlation coefficients among8scale values, and the factors were rotated to orthogonal simple stducture using the normalized varimax criterion. The extrfour acted bipolar factors accounted for 71% of the total variance. Factor I had positive high loading for FS Scale I and negative high loading for HS Scale IV. This factor could be defined as the human relation on achievementoriented situation. Factor II had positive high loading for HS Scale I and negative high loading for HS Scale III. It seemed appropriate to refer to this factor as the positive versus negative activity of achievement-oriented tendency with the motive to achieve. Factor III had positive high loading for FS Scale II and negative high loading for HS Scale II. This factor could be defirled as the positive versus negative attitude for attaining success. Factor IV had positive high loading for FF Scale II and negative high loading for FF Scale I. It seemed appropriate to refer to this factor as the positive versus negative direction of achievement-oriented tendency with the motive to avoid failure.