登校拒否児に対する青年・大人・教師の認知の違い

抄録

This study examined the differences in perception among adolescents, adults and teachers towards school refusals. A questionnaire was administered to 510 adolescents, 291 adults and 152 teachers. The results were as follows: (1) The results commonly showed a rather low sympathetic and a relatively high estimative attitude towards school refusals, although teachers showed more sympathetic and less estimative than others; (2) Teachers explained the main cause of school refusals in terms of a developmental trouble in the reorganization of personality, while adolescents and adults explained them in terms of a defensive reaction of pupils against school administration and an individual pathology resulting from a poor family environment, respectively; and (3) More frequent contacts with school refusals led to an increase in sympathetic attitude towards them and a decrease in the estimative one for adolescents and adults, together with an increase in their explanation concerning the developmental perspective for adolescents. However, these tendencies did not show at all among teachers while very little in adolescents and adults. Therefore, the importance of mediative variables such as receiving a support was considered.