神戸市における阪神・淡路大震災復興公営住宅の立地展開

抄録

The Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake (17 January 1995) caused a lot of damage to Kobe's housing stock (mainly wooden rental houses, for example, wooden apartments and row houses), especially in the inner city area. Against the background of providing a safety net for many people who lost their homes, Kobe City and Hyogo Prefecture provided about 26, 000 recovery public housing units. In this paper, the author aims to clarify the locational process and the background of the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake Recovery Public Housing (HAERPH) project provided in Kobe City. In particular, the author focuses on how Kobe City and Hyogo Prefecture were able to supply HAERPH in the built-up area according to the needs of the victims.
There are three methods of supplying HAERPH. The first is direct supply by local government, in this case Kobe City and Hyogo Prefecture. The second is based on local government supplying public housing which is leased from the Urban Development Corporation (UDC). The last method is that local government supplies public housing which is leased from the private sector and which is made possible by the Public Housing Act revision of 1996. This paper shows that each method succeeded in supplying HAERPH in the built-up areas in different ways.
Direct supply by the local government, particularly in Kobe City, was applied by using existing techniques of site acquisition of new construction areas, of rebuilding public housing, and of coordinating housing supply together with the urban redevelopment project.
The UDC launched its own project team for site acquisition for housing, and coordinated it with Kobe City and the Kobe City housing supply corporations. They were able to provide some housing in the inner city. Kobe City and Hyogo Prefecture leased some of these houses from the UDC.
All private houses leased by Kobe City are located in the built-up area. This is because Kobe City had set particular leasing standards towards private owners. These particular standards state that those private houses should be located near a train station in the built-up areas, especially in the west central area.