失語症患者の日常のコミュニケーションにおける聴いて理解する能力
1979 年 20 巻 2 号 p. 132-140
詳細
1979 年 20 巻 2 号 p. 132-140
The purpose of this study was to assess the comprehension abilities of aphasic patients in daily living situations. For the purpose of analysis results derived from the Standard Language Test of Aphasia (SLTA) were employed. In order to discuss its theoretical background we investigated two factors which were assumed to play important roles in daily communication; contextual information and means for responses.
Findings were as follows:
1. SLTA Subtest 1 [Word Comprehension] is a sensitive tool when applied to aphasics with severer comprehension deficits, and Subtest 3 [Commands] is sensitive to aphasics with milder deficits. Whereas Subtest 2 [Sentence Comprehension] is sensitive to all degrees of severity manifested.
2. Those who easily comprehend daily conversation but who do not comprehend complex contents received at least four out of ten points on Subtest 2, but one point or less of the ten points available on Subtest 3. In Subtest 2, contextual information was abundant and the means for responses was easily manipulated by aphasics, whereas in Subtest 3, contextual information was less available and means for responses more difficult. The condition of each subtest was considered to correspond to simple daily conversation and complex conversation respectively.
3. In Subtest 2, a set of four pictures was presented to the examinees before a stimulus sentence was given. It was assumed to act as contextual information in assisting the aphasic patient in comprehending the stimulus sentence. This assumption was confirmed by results of the two examinations. One demonstrated that wrong responses were influenced by the elements presented in the drawings. The other demonstrated that test responses were poorer when a set of pictures was presented after a stimulus was given.
4. In conclusion it appears that test conditions, contextual information, and means for responses in the SLTA Subtests correspond roughly to distinct situations apparent in average daily communication. Therefore the results of the SLTA Subtests could be used as an indicator for predicting comprehension abilities of aphasic persons in living situations.
