The key to shorten the period of ill health and extend the healthy life span is to lead a healthy lifestyle with sufficient exercise and/or physical activity. The target value for physical activity and exercise for Japanese individulals aged 18–64 years is 23 METs·hour/week and 4 METs·hour/week, respectively. Interval-walking training is effective to achieve the target values and to prevent and/or improve age-related disorders, declining physical fitness, and exacerbated lifestyle-related disease, and to extend the healthy life span. The effects of training are enhanced by nutrient intake in conjunction with exercise training. Effective strategies to enable all citizens to achieve the target values, regardless of lifestyle and environment, would extend their healthy life span.
