Research on physical activities in middle-aged and older adults : A literature review

Abstract

The objectives of the present paper were to consolidate current research findings on the physical activities of middle-aged and older adults in an attempt to establish scientific objectives and practical tasks that may assist in the future promotion of these physical activities. Previous research is classified into the following categories : 1) Benefit studies, which explore, both individually and socially, the beneficial effects of participation in physical activities by middle-aged and older adults ; 2) Determinant studies, which explore the individual and social factors that influence participation in physical activity among middle-aged and older adults ; and 3) Project studies, which explore the programs and interventions that effectively facilitate the participation of the middle-aged and older adults in physical activities. Numerous benefit and determinant studies have accumulated useful scientific findings for the promotion of physical activities, while project studies have primarily focused on the evaluation of large-scale promotions, which employed mass media campaigns and counseling strategies at both state and local government levels. The findings of previous benefit and determinant studies should be considered in the design of future project studies in order to promote greater participation of this population in physical activity. Furthermore, scientific information must be provided for promotional activities at the local government level in Japan.