高専柔道大会の成立過程：競争意識の台頭と試合審判規定の形成過程に着目して

抄録

The purpose of this study was to clarify the establishment process of the Kosen Judo Taikai (National High School and Vocational School Judo Competition; referred to hereafter as KJT), which was hosted by Kyoto Imperial University (KIU) from 1914. Only few attempts have been made to study the establishment of this competition. Yumoto (1977) has stated that the KJT adopted two different sets of rules for refereeing (Kodokan rules and Butokukai rules), but he did not discuss how these rules were adopted. The present study specifically clarifies the development of the refereeing rules at the KJT, in the context of increasing emphasis on competition. The study findings were as follows:
1)  The original aims of inter-scholastic matches were self-discipline and promoting friendship between schools. Competition was not the main focus.
2)  The Fourth Higher School (referred to hereafter as Shikoh) considered “goodwill” to be the aim of their match with the Third Higher School (referred to hereafter as Sankoh) in April 1907. However Shikoh, as representatives of the Hokuriku district, actually became more concerned with victory. Shikoh devised tactics to achieve draws in individual matches in order to win the competition.
3)  This competitive spirit caused disputes between Sankoh and Shikoh after April 1907. In discussions to arrange subsequent matches, each school tried to propose conditions favorable to itself, which led to repeated breakdowns in discussion.
4)  It also became the custom to hold discussions over the refereeing rules before interscholastic competitions between Sankoh and the Fifth and Sixth Higher Schools. In these discussions, the issues that needed to be resolved were the length of the matches, the means of determining victory and defeat, rules governing submission holds, the order of referees, and the number of members in a team competition.
5)  The idea for the KJT had already been proposed by KIU in February 1912, but it took 2 years and 10 months to be realized. It took that long for the higher schools to develop fair rules for interscholastic competition.
6)  The rules developed for the KJT were different from both Kodokan and Butokukai rules.
In conclusion, the KJT was established through a process in which each participating school, while pursuing rivalry with the other schools, was able to compromise to come up with a set of rules that would be fair to all.