心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
運動対象の見えの大きさに関する実験的研究
黒田 輝彦
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ジャーナル フリー

1956 年 26 巻 6 号 p. 376-385

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The apparent size and distance of the tangentially and radially moving objects are analysed in this investigation. The apparatus used is the same as in Ittelson and Kilpatrick's research (1951), but the analysis was done according to our own experimental designs. Especially the apparent sizes were objectively measured by the comparative stimulus throughout the work. (Fig. 1, 2. Table 1, 8)
Experiment I. The apparent size of a tangentially moving card in a conflictinvolving situation which was produced by the reversible trapezoidal window was measured by comparative stimuli at two positions, E' and F'. (1) The unexperienced group perceived the rectangular window and S-shaped movement of the object in monocular and binocular observation. (2) The experiencedgroup perceived the same phenomena that the unexperienced group perceived in monocular observation, but in binocular observation the former perceived the trapezoidal window and the linear movement of the object (Fig. 1) (3) The apparent size of the object (AS) perceived by the experienced group is larger than that perceived by the unexperienced (Table 2, 3). (4) AS at E' (SE') is larger than AS at F' (SF'), and (SE-SF') with the moving object is larger than (SE-SF') with the stationary object (Table 6). (5) AS in binocular observation is larger than AS in monocular observation (Table 2).
Experiment II. The apparent size of radially moving object along various tracks was measured by comparative stimulus. (1) When these tracks are presented successively, (Table 8), the apparent size of the object moving along the track presented later is little affected by that of the object moving along the track (or tracks) presented earlier. (Table 9, 10). (2) The apbarent distance of the moving object is affected in the unexperienced group but it is little affected in experienced group (Table 11, 12). (3) These experimental results are probably due to using comparative stimulusrand to using enough time for observation. (4) The apparent size in binocular observation is larger than that in monocular observation and the difference is statistically significant (Table 10). (5) In this, homogeneous space the size-distance-assumption works effectively.
Experiment III. The apparent sizes of the radially moving and stationary objects were measured by comparative stimulus at 2 m. and 4 m. When Variable Ratio is shown in equation (i), the following relationships between four Variable Ratios (VR) ; VR of physical size (VSp), VR of retinal size (VSr), VR of apparent size of moving object (VSm), VR of apparent size of stationary object (VSs) are found.
(i) Variable Ratio=1-(size at 4 m.)÷(size at 2 m.)
and Variable Ratio>0
Relations :
(1) VSr>VSs>VSm>VSp
(2) VSr>VSs (homogeneous space)>VSm (homogeneous space)>VSs (normal space)>VSm (normal space)>VSp (Fig. 6).
(3) The above results indicate that the moving object has stronger tendency to hold the same size and is more defined by physical size than the stationary object, in other words, the former has higher constancy than the latter.

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© 公益社団法人 日本心理学会
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