集団構造とパースナリテイ

抄録

A fifth grade school class of Kyoto City, which consists of twenty nine boys and twenty one girls was observed as to its group structure. The observation was continued throughout three months of the autumn in 1954. The observer participated in every class activity as a member of the class, and all events and social behaviors among class members which might reveal the group constructions of the class and their inter-relations were recorded. Informations concerning unrevealed troubles among them were also collected. A good deal of materials thus obtained enabled us to know some actual features of the group structure of the class, which might not be revealed by means of questionaire or sociometry. Though the class was composed of boys and girls as mentioned above, this report will be limited only to boys, as the boys' group was separated discretely from the girls'.
We can describe the principal features of the group structure of the class as follows :
1. Ten of twenty nine boys were found to have important roles in class activities, and seven boys (K, Y, H, I, T, D and F) among them constituted the central group (Group A). Group A was dominating over all other groups which were found in the class.
2. In Group A, three boys (K, Y and H) were the leaders of the whole class. Among these leaders there had been a kind of tension. Once K and H were intimate to each other and opposed to Y. Later, the relationship changed, and K allied with Y and rejected H. H was submissive to K.
3. Three boys (K, I and T) had usual contact with each other, forming the core of Group A. The leader of this core group was K. In contrast with K, who was rather kept at a distance with awe by the class members, I played an important role to make the Group A friendly. T was of humorous character and was indispensable to animate the activities of Group A.
4. D and F were at peripheral positions in Group A and submissive to leaders.
5. Outside of the Group A there were three important members (J, S and W) in the class. Among them, J had more interest in the Group A than S and W. Rorschach Test was administrated to every member of the class. As to ten principal boys above mentioned (except K and T) it was found that their response patterns were similar with each other and different from other nineteen boys.
Main findings were as follows :
1. The response pattern common to principal members (except K and T) was characterized by the facts (a) that the experience-type was M-type, and (b) that both M and O+% were significantly higher than the average of twenty nine boys on the other hand.
2. Three members who were outside of the Group A and D who was the peripheral member in the Group A showed alike M values as higher than eight. As to their color values it was found that D and J, who were on the boarderline of Group A and always attracted by the activities of the Group A, showed much higher values ; S and W, who were quite outside and had less interest in the Group A, showed lower ones.
3. All of T's responses consisted of popular and common responses.
4. I and F, especially I, showed well-balanced distributions of determinant symbols.
5. Each of the response patterns of three leaders was peculiar in its symbol distributions, and was considered to correspond well to each personality characteristics. Y was characterized by the excess of S and dAH responses, and H by the surplus of F% and 0+%. K was so peculiar not only inkhis response pattern, which was C-type in experience-type, low in W%, and high in dd, but in his response manners which implied that his personality had to be treated as a unique one among others.