自由放出法による長期記憶検索過程の分析

弓野 憲一

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.48.7

自由放出法による長期記憶検索過程の分析

弓野憲一

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1977 年 48 巻 1 号 p. 7-13

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.48.7

詳細

発行日: 1977/05/20 受付日: 1976/04/12 J-STAGE公開日: 2010/07/16 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : The present study was designed to clarify the retrieval process in Long-Term Memory by means of “free emission method”. Eleven female undergraduates took part and were requested to recall as many female names ending with “ko” or flower names as possible. The time for the recall was restricted to 15min in each task. Subjects' responses were taperecorded. All of the recalled items (name) were classified into two classes according to the contents of introspective reports given by subjects. One consisted of within-unit items (WUI), i.e., those that were recalled with some subjectively related cues, and the other consisted of extra-unit items (EUI), i.e., those that were recalled without them. Then were examined the following hypotheses; Hypothesis 1 and 2 concern the mean inter-response time (MIRT) for each class, while. Hypothesis 3 concerns the size for the class WUI (unit size).
Hypothesis 1: MIRT for WUI will be shorter than that of EUI.
Hypothesis 2: MIRT for WUI will be rather constant during recall time, while that for EUI will increase with the lapse of recall time.
Hypothesis 3: The size for the class WUI will be larger in the early phase.
Hypotheses 1, 2 were supported by our experiments (see, Figs. 1-a, 1-b). So it was ascertained that the retrieval process involves more effective strategy based on subjectively produced cues rather than mere random process. Hypothesis 3 was also supported (see, Figs. 2-a, 2-b). It may be explained by the easy accessibility to cues for WUI of larger size during the recall period.
A theoretical exponential curve was fitted to the cumulative frequency of the items (see, Fig. 5). The initial divergence between empirical and theoretical values (Bousfield and Sedge-wick's “initial divergence phenomenon”) was also found in the present data. It seems reasonable to suppose that subjects recall more items at the initial phase because they hit upon the WUI of larger size.
The modes of the distribution of the sizes for WUI were mostly five or less. This finding might endorse Mandler's hypothesis (1967) that one hierarchical level of Long-Term Memory contains five or less items, though the present research did not directly concern Mandler's hierarchical level assumption.
Right : The present study was designed to clarify the retrieval process in Long-Term Memory by free emission method. Subjects were requested to recall as many female names ending with “ko” or flower names as possible. All of the recalled items were classified into two classes according to the subject's introspective reports after the recall: One consisted of within-unit items (WUI) which were recalled with some subjectively related cues and the other for extra-unit items (EUI) which were recalled without them. The mean inter-response time (MIRT) for WUI was shorter than that for EUI and nearly constant through the recall session, while MIRT for EUI increased rapidly as a function of the recall time. It was suggested that there might be some specific memory process based on subjectively related cues.

抄録

The present study was designed to clarify the retrieval process in Long-Term Memory by free emission method. Subjects were requested to recall as many female names ending with “ko” or flower names as possible. All of the recalled items were classified into two classes according to the subject's introspective reports after the recall: One consisted of within-unit items (WUI) which were recalled with some subjectively related cues and the other for extra-unit items (EUI) which were recalled without them. The mean inter-response time (MIRT) for WUI was shorter than that for EUI and nearly constant through the recall session, while MIRT for EUI increased rapidly as a function of the recall time. It was suggested that there might be some specific memory process based on subjectively related cues.

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