A structural model of helping behavior was built, which involved seven independent variables; i.e., emotional-warmth, emotional-susceptibility, locus of control, general awareness of helping norm, awareness of “on” norm, awareness of non-involvement norm, and age. Four hundred and one university students responded to personality tests covering these variables and a questionnaire on helping experiences in 26 situations. Hayasi's quantification model III (HAYASI 3) for the helping experiences yielded three axes-general tendency to help, tendency to give money for charity, and spontaneous helping tendency-and suggested that “cost of helping” is an important factor of the general tendency to help. Analyses of HAYASI 3's sample scores showed that females and religious believers were more kind and generous than males and nonbelievers. A path analysis indicated that norm awarenesses and age were direct determinants of helping tendencies, while emotional empathies were indirect determinants mediated by the norm awarenesses.
