A Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Algorithm Based on Flexible and Dynamic Agent Organization Structure

Abstract

A distributed constraint satisfaction problem (Distributed CSP) is a CSP in which variables and constraints are distributed among multiple automated agents, and various application problems in Distributed Artificial Intelligence can be formalized as Distributed CSPs. We develop a new algorithm for solving Distributed CSPs called asynchronous weak-commitment search, which is inspired by the weak-commitment search algorithm for solving CSPs. This algorithm can revise a bad decision without an exhaustive search by changing the priority order of agents dynamically. Furthermore, agents can act asynchronously and concurrently based on their local knowledge without any global control, while guaranteeing the completeness of the algorithm. The experimental results on various example problems show that this algorithm is by far more efficient than the asynchronous backtracking algorithm, in which the priority order is static. The priority order represents a hierarchy of agent authority, i.e., the priority of decision making. Therefore, these results imply that a flexible agent Organization, in which the hierarchical order is changed dynamically, actually performs better than an Organization in which the hierarchical order is static and rigid.