The clinical course in a case with arrhenoblastoma has already been reported in Sexual Medicine 5: 5, 34, 1978. Here are discussed pre-and post-operative vaginal smear findings and the levels of the circulating sexual hormones. Preoperative serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were normal (17.4-41.1pg/ml and 1.90-1.98ng/ml, respectively). However, the serum levels of testosteronew, re high (2.16-5.61ng/ml). Preoperative vaginal smears showed maturation index (MI) of 82/16/2, karyopyknotic index (KPI) of 5/29, and eosinophilic index (EI) of 2/98, indicating many parabasal cells, while intermediate cells were pale, isolated, and disseminated. These findings were similar to those in women after menopause. Immediately after the operation, the serum levels of the sexual hormones were within the normal range, and the patient had menstruation about 3 weeks later. One year after the operation, vaginal smear taken on the 11th day of the menstrual cycle indicated MI of 0/22/78, KPI of 74/26, and EI of 79/21. These findings were similar to those in normal women. The preoperative vaginal smear findings are considered to be specific cell findings attributable to the effect of testosterone.
