軽運動が監視作業時の覚醒水準と疲労の回復に及ぼす効果

抄録

This study examined the effectiveness of resting techniques for maintaining the optimal condition for surveillance. Lifesavers (n=15) participated in a pilot study that investigated the psychophysiological conditions for the best and the worst surveillance during lifesaving. Results indicated that psycho-physiological problems related to performance were sleepiness, and fatigue due to stiffness in the neck and the shoulders. Based on the results, three types of low intensity exercises: ball exercises, walking and static stretching were devised to recover arousal level and from fatigue. In an experiment devised to assess the effects of the exercises, participating lifesavers (n=13) performed a computer simulated surveillance task. The three types of exercises, or quiet sitting as the control condition, were practiced during a one-minute rest after the surveillance task. Then, the effects of these resting techniques on three dimensions of recovery; (a) recovery of arousal level, (b) recovery from fatigue and (c) maintenance of vigilance were respectively compared using the following indices: (1) Self-Rating Scale / Peripheral Skin Temperature / Two Dimensional Mood Scale, (2) Self-Rating Scale / Critical Fusion Frequency, (3) Grid Exercise.
Results indicated that ball exercises and walking as a ballistic exercise were effective for the recovery of arousal level. Moreover, ball exercises and static stretching to reduce stiffness were effective for recovery from fatigue. Furthermore, ball exercises were more effective than other techniques for maintaining vigilance. It is concluded that low intensity exercises with a ball is the most effective method of maintaining the vigilance and psycho-physiological readiness for surveillance.