A case of postoperative graft-versus-host disese (GVHD) was reported. The patient was a 4-year-old male with a ventricular septal defect. He had on symptoms except heart murmur. The open heart radical operation was performed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventul until the 6th postoperative day when he had high fever followed by skin rashes over the whole body on the 10th postoperative day. His condition became worse progressively with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice and diarrhea. The diagnosis of GVHD was made with the findings of skin and bone marrow biopsy. In spite of intensive care, he died on the 35th postoperativeday. GVHD tends to occur after a cardiovascular operation due to a large amount of fresh blood transfusion and severe operative stress. There are no effective treatment except to prevent this complication.
