On the Surface Layer, and tho Relation between the Vertical Distribution of Wind Direction and the Weather

Abstract

The author shows that there is always the boundary surface at the height interval of 1km and 1.6km in the lower atmosphere, and names the layer below its surface the earth's surface layer. It is, however, essentially different from the one hitherto called by Prof. Prandtl, and consists of various air-masses with the different area. The air masses in this layer should be displaced or deformed by the isallobaric effect, so that they form the front which is called the surface-layer front by the author. The surface-layer front plays an important role for intensifying the weather phenomena, but is not essentially important for the formation of rainfall.
Further, in the second chapter is shown that for rainfall the air current in the upper part of the tropopause above the surface-layer boundary is essentially important, being caused by the convergence of the horizontal flow in front of the front which may be conceptionally regarded as a vertical high wall and which mechanism differs from the one by Bergen school. (Jan. 1944)