1920-30 年代における県農会立女学校の指導理念と教育内容

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the education of the school for girls established by Prefecture Agricultural Associations in 1920-1930s; they were established in Mie, Toyama, Hiroshima, Fukui, Chiba, Yamagata, Aomori. The background of establishment was the increase of women who hope to marriage in urban, and the necessity of science education for girls who become farmer's wives; although there were other schools for girls such as girls' high school and vocational continuation school, they were considered to be inadequate to lead the girls as rural women. The schools for girls established by Prefecture Agricultural Associations had school dormitory. Especially Chiba has own school building, but the others did not so they moved in search of schoolhouse every year, therefore they were called "the type of movement schools". The education and policy of school were difference between Chiba and the others. The graduates were expected to be the model of rural girls, and to transmit the way to improvement of rural life. One of the ways to improvement of rural life was the save of wedding expenses, so they swore to wear the bride costume which was not made of silk but cotton when they would get married. The improvement in nourishment was other way; which was mainly worked on Chiba. We consider that the tendency of the improvement of rural life was difference by prefecture; so, Prefecture Agricultural Associations of Chiba was ambitious for the construction of cultural village. The important idea of "the type of movement schools" was mental training, on the other hand, there was also the leading of the improvement of rural village, especially in Chiba. In Japanese farming families, the parents hoped the eldest son who would be their heir to take the wife, but the daughters not to be farmer's wives, so the education which made girls live in village was needed in the schools for girls established by Prefecture Agricultural Associations.